When is it necessary to include the DOI in an APA reference?

Including the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) in an APA reference is essential for electronic sources that have a DOI assigned to them. The DOI serves as a permanent link to the content, making it easier for readers to locate the source online. This is particularly relevant in the digital era, where access to academic articles and resources often occurs through databases and websites.

When referencing electronic sources, if a DOI is available, it should always be included in the citation. This practice enhances the reliability of the citation and fosters greater accessibility to the information being cited. It is important to note that physical books do not typically have a DOI, and including it for government publications is not mandated unless they have a DOI as well. Thus, selecting the option that indicates the necessity of including the DOI for electronic sources with a DOI provided reflects the guidelines set forth by APA.